1. Alumina (Al₂O₃): Low cost, widely used in general electronic and automotive electronic products.

2. Aluminum Nitride (AlN): High thermal conductivity (170–200 W/mK), suitable for high-power applications.

3. Silicon Nitride (Si₃N₄): High strength and impact resistance, the preferred material for military, aerospace, and automotive electronics.

4. Silicon Carbide (SiC): High temperature resistance and high thermal conductivity, with micro-conductivity, used in next-generation power devices and third-generation semiconductors.